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Soils of Oromia are diversified due to variations in parent material hypsography,
climate and vegetation in the various agro-ecological zones of the region.
There are 14 major soil units and 31 sub units in the region. The major
soil types in the region include vertisols, nitrosols, cambisols. Vertisols
occur throughout the sub-tropical and temperate highlands of the regions
such as central shewa, Arsi, Bale and slopes of Hararghe plateau. Nitosols
mainly occurs in humid west and parts of Highland of Borena. Cambisols
mainly occurs in central and western Bale, Southwest hararghe and Arsi.
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Overgrazing,
deforestation, use of inappropriate farm management techniques, including
the use of wrong tools and implement are among the major factors contributing
to soil degradation in the region as per the available study. Although
the rate of soil degradation varies from godina to godina soil removal
per hectare ranges from 10 to 100 tones per annum, which about 2 to
12 times of the rate of soil formation. This in turn has been significantly
affecting production and productivity in particular and the eco-system
in general. Therefore, it would be appropriate to put in place relevant
conservation policy and strategy as well as make use of indigenous knowledge
practices backed by appropriate research based techniques.
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Overgrazing, deforestation, use of inappropriate farm management techniques,
including the use of wrong tools and implement are among the major factors
contributing to soil degradation in the region as per the available study.
Although the rate of soil degradation varies from godina to godina soil
removal per hectare ranges from 10 to 100 tones per annum, which about
2 to 12 times of the rate of soil formation. This in turn has been significantly
affecting production and productivity in particular and the eco-system
in general. Therefore, it would be appropriate to put in place relevant
conservation policy and strategy as well as make use of indigenous knowledge
practices backed by appropriate research based techniques. |
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